激光焊接在福建不鏽鋼板中zhong的de應ying用yong占zhan有you非fei常chang重zhong要yao的de地di位wei,特te別bie是shi在zai汽qi車che工gong業ye中zhong,車che身shen都dou是shi通tong過guo焊han接jie連lian接jie起qi來lai的de。但dan由you於yu受shou多duo種zhong因yin素su的de影ying響xiang,不bu鏽xiu鋼gang板ban焊han接jie存cun在zai變bian形xing問wen題ti,且qie難nan以yi控kong製zhi,不bu利li於yu相xiang關guan領ling域yu的de可ke持chi續xu發fa展zhan。因yin此ci,加jia強qiang對dui不bu鏽xiu鋼gang板ban激ji光guang焊han接jie變bian形xing的de研yan究jiu具ju有you重zhong要yao意yi義yi。
一、激光焊接綜述
激(ji)光(guang)焊(han)接(jie)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)指(zhi)利(li)用(yong)激(ji)光(guang)能(neng)量(liang)作(zuo)為(wei)熱(re)源(yuan)來(lai)熔(rong)化(hua)和(he)連(lian)接(jie)工(gong)件(jian)。在(zai)激(ji)光(guang)焊(han)接(jie)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),當(dang)激(ji)光(guang)照(zhao)射(she)被(bei)焊(han)接(jie)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)表(biao)麵(mian)時(shi),一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)被(bei)反(fan)射(she),另(ling)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)被(bei)吸(xi)收(shou)進(jin)入(ru)材(cai)料(liao)中(zhong),完(wan)成(cheng)焊(han)接(jie)目(mu)標(biao)。總(zong)之(zhi),激(ji)光(guang)焊(han)接(jie)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)就(jiu)是(shi)用(yong)光(guang)學(xue)係(xi)統(tong)聚(ju)焦(jiao)的(de)高(gao)功(gong)率(lv)激(ji)光(guang)束(shu)照(zhao)射(she)被(bei)焊(han)接(jie)材(cai)料(liao)表(biao)麵(mian),然(ran)後(hou)充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)材(cai)料(liao)吸(xi)收(shou)光(guang)能(neng)進(jin)行(xing)加(jia)熱(re)等(deng)處(chu)理(li),後(hou)冷(leng)卻(que)後(hou)形(xing)成(cheng)焊(han)接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)。在(zai)焊(han)接(jie)中(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)為(wei)熱(re)傳(chuan)導(dao)焊(han)接(jie)和(he)深(shen)熔(rong)焊(han)接(jie)。

二、焊接變形的危害及影響焊接變形的主要因素
影響焊接變形的主要因素是焊接電流、脈衝寬度和頻率。隨著焊接電流的增加,焊縫寬度增加,飛濺物逐漸出現,導致焊縫表麵氧化變形,並伴有粗糙度;suizhemaichongkuandudezengjia,hanjiejietoudeqiangduzengjia,dangmaichongkuandudadaoyidingchengdushi,cailiaobiaomianderechuandaonenghaoyehuizengjia,zhengfahuishiyeticongrongchizhongfeijianchulai,congerdaozhihandiandeqieduanhanjiepinlvduibuxiugangbanhanjiebianxingdeyingxiangyugangbanhoudumiqiexiangguan。ru0.5mm不鏽鋼板,當頻率達到2Hz時,焊縫重疊率較高;當頻率達到5Hzshi,hanfengshaoshangyanzhong,reyingxiangqufanweijiaokuan,fashengbianxing。yinci,jiaqiangduihanjiebianxingdeyouxiaokongzhishizaibixing。bimianjiguanghanjiebianxingdeyouxiaocuoshiweilejianshaojiguanghanjiebianxing,tigaobuxiugangbandehanjiezhiliang,keyicongyouhuahanjiegongyicanshurushou
三、引入正交試驗法
正zheng交jiao試shi驗yan法fa主zhu要yao是shi指zhi通tong過guo正zheng交jiao表biao分fen析xi和he多duo因yin素su試shi驗yan安an排pai的de一yi種zhong數shu理li統tong計ji方fang法fa。它ta可ke以yi用yong較jiao少shao的de實shi驗yan獲huo得de有you效xiao的de結jie果guo,並bing推tui斷duan出chu的de實shi現xian方fang案an。同tong時shi,還hai可ke以yi進jin行xing深shen入ru分fen析xi,獲huo取qu更geng多duo相xiang關guan信xin息xi,為wei具ju體ti工gong作zuo提ti供gong依yi據ju。一yi般ban以yi焊han接jie電dian流liu、脈衝寬度和激光頻率為檢測對象,以焊接變形為指標,控製在Z小,遵循合理原則,將因素水平控製在適當範圍內。例如,對於厚度為0.5mm的不鏽鋼板,電流可以控製在80~96i/A之間,頻率可以控製在2~5F/Hz之間。